Scotland, in the geographical sense it has retained for nearly a millennium, completed its expansion by the gradual subsumation of the Britons' kingdom of Strathclyde into Alba. In 1034, Duncan I, descended from Irish Ui Neill monastery protectors and appointed to the crown of Strathclyde some years earlier, inherited Alba from his maternal grandfather, Malcolm II. With the exception of Orkney, the Western Isles, Caithness and Sutherland, which had come under the sway of the Norse, Scotland stood unified.
Scotland retains its own distinct sense of nationhood. Academic research consistently shows that people in Scotland feel Scottish, whilst not necessarily feeling the need to see that translated into the establishment of a fully-independent Scottish nation-state.
The Church of Scotland (often referred to as The Kirk) functions as the national church. It differs from the Church of England in that it has a Presbyterian form of church governance, not subject to state control. This goes back to the Scottish experience of reformation, initiated in 1560 by John Knox. The Scottish Reformation in essence took place at a grassroots level, and the Scots chose Presbyterianism as their method of church government. This differs from the situation in England, where Henry the Eighth personally unleashed the English Reformation and chose the Episcopal system that survives to this day in the Church of England.
From 1652 to 1658, Scotland formed an integral part of the Puritan-governed Commonwealth, under English control but gaining equal trading rights. Upon its collapse, nominal independence returned with the restoration of Charles II to the throne. Scotland regained its parliament, but the English Navigation Acts prevented the Scots from sharing its commercial success to escape impoverishment. A formal frontier between the two countries was re-established, with customs duties which, while they protected Scottish cloth industries from cheap English imports, also denied access to English markets for Scottish cattle on the hoof or Scottish linens (Braudel 1984 p 370).
Scotland has a high proportion of irreligious / atheists, the second highest type of (un)belief in the population.
In 1468 the last great acquisition of Scottish territory occurred when James III married Margaret of Denmark, receiving the Orkney Islands and the Shetland Islands in payment of her dowry.
In 1326, the first full Scottish Parliament met. The parliament had evolved from an earlier council of nobility and clergy, the colloquium, constituted around 1235, but in 1326 representatives of the burghs — the burgh commissioners — joined them to form the Three Estates.
Scotland was historically represented in the UK government by the Secretary of State for Scotland. This post was established in the 1880s but recently it has been the topic of much speculation. Many believe that since devolution there is no need for such a role to exist. The current Secretary of State is Alastair Darling.
The modern system of branch banking (in which banks maintain a nationwide system of offices rather than one or two central offices) originated in Scotland. Only strong political pressure during the 19th century prevented the resultant strong banking system from taking over banking in England. However, although Scottish banks proved unwelcome in England at the time, their business model became widely copied, firstly in England and later in the rest of the world.
Scotland's territorial extent is generally that established by the 1237 Treaty of York between Scotland and England and the 1266 Treaty of Perth between Scotland and Norway. Exceptions include the Isle of Mann, which is now a crown dependency outside the United Kingdom, Orkney and Shetland, which are Scottish rather than Danish, and Berwick-upon-Tweed, which was defined as subject to the laws of England by the 1746 Wales and Berwick Act.
Scotland is one of the four constituent nations of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The UK has no single written constitution document. Until the 1707 Acts of Union Scotland was an independent nation state. However, upon these acts coming into effect both Scotland and England's parliaments were dissolved and reconstituted as a parliament for all of Great Britain using the former English parliament's buildings and executive institutions. The Scottish and English crowns were unified in 1603 when James VI of Scotland became James I of England. In 1801 the Kingdom of Great Britain was unified with Ireland.
Most Scottish industry and commerce is concentrated in a few large cities on the waterways of the central lowlands. Edinburgh, on the Firth of Forth, is a cultural centre, the capital of Scotland, and one of the the top financial centres in Europe. Glasgow, one of the largest cities in the UK, lies on the Clyde; it is Scotland's leading seaport and was once a centre of shipbuilding and it supports numerous light industries. Although heavy industry has declined, the high-technology Silicon Glen corridor has developed between Glasgow and Edinburgh. Tourism is also very important.
This state of affairs continued until May 1999 when Scotland's Parliament was established following a referendum. Whereas the old Scottish Parliament had functioned as the full parliament of a sovereign state, the new parliament governs the country only on domestic matters, the United Kingdom Parliament having retained responsibility for Scotland's defence, international relations and certain other areas.
The feudal system lingered on in Scots law on land ownership, so that a landowner still had obligations to a feudal superior including payment of feu duty. In 1974 legislation began a process of redeeming feuduties so that most of these payments were ended, but it was only with the attention of the Scottish Parliament that a series of acts (http://www.ejcl.org/83/art83-5.html) were passed, the first in 2000, for The Abolition of Feudal Tenure on November 28, 2004.
HM Queen Elizabeth II, head of state of the United Kingdom, is descended from King James VI of Scotland, the first Scottish monarch to also be King of England (James I of England from 1603). While some controversy has simmered amongst the Scottish public over her official title since her coronation (many believe that, being the first Queen Elizabeth of Scotland, she should use the style "Elizabeth I"), the courts of Scotland have confirmed "Elizabeth II" as her official title. She has said that in the future monarchs will follow the international ordinal tradition that, where a monarch reigns in a number of non-independent territories (or independent territories that agree to share a monarch) that each have a differing number of previous monarchs of the same name, the highest ordinal used in any of the territories is the one used across all.
1.
National Trust for ScotlandThe National Trust for Scotland is Scotland's leading conservation charity and cares for Scotland's heritage. ... of the National Trust for Scotland are being ...
2.
National Trust for Scotland - AboutVisit hundreds of places for FREE. Join the National Trust for Scotland today. ... The National Trust for Scotland is the conservation charity that protects and ...
3.
The National Trust For Scotland Book Of Scotland's WildlifeGreat titles like The National Trust For Scotland Book Of Scotland's Wildlife available at AbeBooks UK.
4.
Gardens Of The National Trust For Scotland at Tesco BooksBuy Gardens Of The National Trust For Scotland by Francesca Greenoak for only £17.50 at Tesco.com. Tesco's has thousands of other books for you to get stuck into
5.
national trust for scotland; compare prices on Kelkoo.co.ukLooking for national trust for scotland? Go to Kelkoo to compare and shop from thousands of choices online
6.
The National TrustThe National Trust protects special places in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, for ever, for everyone ... vote for your favourite National Trust view from ...
7.
Scotland National on eBay.co.ukLittle Houses The National Trust for Scotland's Improve, ends Dec-3 21:05 GMT. ... The Gardens of the National Trust for Scotland: Greenoa, ends Dec-5 15:41 GMT. ...
8.
National Trust | Carlyle's House24 Cheyne Row, is a beautiful Queen Anne house owened by ... Join the National Trust and see hundreds more houses and gardens for free. Find another place ...
9.
St Kilda - National Trust for Scotland World Heritage SiteSt Kilda is the remotest part of the British Isles, west of Benbecula in Scotland's Outer Hebrides. St Kilda was designated a National Nature Reserve by the Scottish ...
10.
National Trust for Scotland Holidays: self catering accommodation ...National Trust for Scotland for Scottish self catering holiday accommodation for ... The National Trust for Scotland is a charity (No. SC 007410) and depends for its ...
11.
the National Trust for Scotland Faces a Major Challenge... | Article01-APR-06 - In 1931 Dorothy L. Sayers opened her novel Five Red Herrings, with an amused gazetteer of Kircudbright's many artists studios: 'There... | Free With Signup
12.
National Trust For Scotland on eBayShop at eBay for great deals on National Trust For Scotland items. ... The National Trust for Scotland Guide by Robin Prent..., ends Dec-24 6:06 pm PST. ...
13.
National Trust for Scotland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia... Trust for Scotland. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Jump to: navigation, search. The National Trust ... The National Trust for Scotland Foundation USA ...
14.
National Trust Scotland Founda - Boston, Massachusetts (MA) | Company ...National Trust Scotland Founda - Boston, Massachusetts (MA) company profile information. Find contact info, company address, company history, qualify leads, & premium...
15.
The National Trust and the National Trust for Scotland. [WorldCat.org]English Book By: Peter Ryan Publisher: London, Dent, 1969. ISBN: 0460038699 9780460038690 ... National Trust (Great Britain) | National Trust for Scotland. ...
16.
National Trust for ScotlandNational Fund for Acquisitions. Return to partnerships. National Trust for ... a unique and highly successful partnership with the National Trust for Scotland. ...
17.
BRPS9156 Pb Thistle Brooch - Brooches, Pins & Clips - SHOP.COMBuy BRPS9156 Pb Thistle Brooch - £32.00. Big savings on your favourite brands, for great value visit SHOP.COM. This brooch is part of a collection designed for the...
18.
Unbiased Travel Reviews: Sassoon House, Kirkcudbright - TripAdvisorSassoon House, Kirkcudbright, Dumfries and Galloway: A wonderful atmosphere - Visit TripAdvisor for 4 unbiased traveler reviews of Sassoon House.
19.
BBC NEWS | Scotland | National trust chief stands downThe chief executive of the National Trust for Scotland leaves his job by mutual agreement. ... National Trust for Scotland. The BBC is not responsible for the ...
20.
Canna, Scotland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaNational Trust for Scotland. " Seabird Recovery Programme". Retrieved on 2007-04-20. ... Islands of the Inner Hebrides | National Trust for Scotland properties ...
21.
National Trust for Scotland - FunctionsHospitality with the National Trust for Scotland. Private & Weddings. Corporate ... The National Trust for Scotland for Places of Historic Interest or Natural ...
22.
BBC News | Scotland | National Trust's flagship HQ opensThe National Trust for Scotland is refusing to let speculation about a budget overspend overshadow the opening of its flagship HQ in Edinburgh's Charlotte Square.
23.
National Trust for Scotland self-catering holiday homes and castlesNational Trust for Scotland self-catering holiday homes. Unique and beautiful holiday accommodation; from castles to cottages in the most spectacular locations in ...
24.
The Culzean Experience : The Official Site of Culzean EstateNational Trust for Scotland. Contact Us. About. Culzean. Culzean. Experiences. Events. at Culzean ... National Trust for Scotland. Overview ...
25.
Homecoming Scotland 2009 - National Trust for Scotland Homecoming itineraryWith a nationwide programme of events and activities lasting from Burns Night to St Andrew's Day at National Trust for Scotland properties, there will be something ...
26.
Information on The National Trust for ScotlandBritain's History and Heritage, The National Trust for Scotland ... As a charity, The National Trust for Scotland depends on the subscriptions of ...
27.
Castle Visitor Attractions, Castle Tours, National Trust Scotland... intact and is currently in the care of the National Trust for Scotland. ... is the only Royal palace that is in the care of the National Trust for Scotland. ...
28.
Review of National Trust for Scotland website... by area, and give visitor information for each. There's also information on conservation. ... and gardens of the National Trust for Scotland. ...
29.
Scotland on TV - Culloden Battlefield Visitor Centre | National Trust ...Culloden Battlefield visitor centre. Re-opened by the National Trust for Scotland (NTS) in 2007. Site of battle and interesting archaeological research.
30.
National Trust for Scotland heritage, culture,National, trust, Scotland, heritage, culture, charity, ... The National Trust for Scotland is a conservation charity that preserves and ...
31.
Self Catering National Trust Holiday Cottages,Whithorn, Newton StewartSelf Catering - Two luxury National Trust Holiday Cottages ( Scotland ) for romantic short breaks and vacations in a historic setting
32.
National Debtline Scotland Free Debt Advice & Debt Management ToolsFree debt advice and help line for people with debt problems in Scotland. ... National Debtline is run by the Money Advice Trust, a charity funded by the ...
33.
National Trust for Scotland - East Fife Members CentreThe National Trust for Scotland East Fife Members' Centre is a charitable local ... the National Trust for Scotland. A Place for Members. Welcome! ...
34.
Seabird Colonies _ Home PageAlmost a fifth of all the seabirds in Scotland breed on National Trust for Scotland properties. ... Click on the map of Scotland to explore some of our seabird ...
35.
Scotland | Ardgrain... Fyvie Castle has been described as one of the finest of all castles in Scotland. Now owned by the National Trust for Scotland, this historic castle is open to ...
36.
Scotland In Trust - Membership Magazine of the National Trust for Scotland... of Scotland In Trust, the award-winning magazine for members and supporters of the National Trust for Scotland. ... Visit the National Trust for Scotland site ...
37.
Homecoming Scotland 2009 - National Trust for Scotland Homecoming itineraryDays Four and Five of National Trust for Scotland's Homecoming Scotland itinerary involve trips to both Ayrshire and Culloden
38.
Sustrans ScotlandInteractive mapping and news on cycle route development for Scotland ... The National Cycle Network in Scotland is shown above. To find a cycle route: ...
National Trust For Scotland and Scotland online resources.