Scotland was historically represented in the UK government by the Secretary of State for Scotland. This post was established in the 1880s but recently it has been the topic of much speculation. Many believe that since devolution there is no need for such a role to exist. The current Secretary of State is Alastair Darling.
Scotland, in the geographical sense it has retained for nearly a millennium, completed its expansion by the gradual subsumation of the Britons' kingdom of Strathclyde into Alba. In 1034, Duncan I, descended from Irish Ui Neill monastery protectors and appointed to the crown of Strathclyde some years earlier, inherited Alba from his maternal grandfather, Malcolm II. With the exception of Orkney, the Western Isles, Caithness and Sutherland, which had come under the sway of the Norse, Scotland stood unified.
Scotland advanced markedly in educational terms during the fifteenth century with the founding of the University of St Andrews in 1413, the University of Glasgow in 1450 and the University of Aberdeen in 1494, and with the passing of the Education Act (1496).
Most Scottish industry and commerce is concentrated in a few large cities on the waterways of the central lowlands. Edinburgh, on the Firth of Forth, is a cultural centre, the capital of Scotland, and one of the the top financial centres in Europe. Glasgow, one of the largest cities in the UK, lies on the Clyde; it is Scotland's leading seaport and was once a centre of shipbuilding and it supports numerous light industries. Although heavy industry has declined, the high-technology Silicon Glen corridor has developed between Glasgow and Edinburgh. Tourism is also very important.
The Church of Scotland (often referred to as The Kirk) functions as the national church. It differs from the Church of England in that it has a Presbyterian form of church governance, not subject to state control. This goes back to the Scottish experience of reformation, initiated in 1560 by John Knox. The Scottish Reformation in essence took place at a grassroots level, and the Scots chose Presbyterianism as their method of church government. This differs from the situation in England, where Henry the Eighth personally unleashed the English Reformation and chose the Episcopal system that survives to this day in the Church of England.
Scotland's location on the north-western periphery of Europe did not mean the country had a small part in the Second World War. October 1939 saw naval bases in Scotland taking the first German attacks on Britain, both submarine and bomber attacks on Scapa Flow and raids on Rosyth which met with RAF fighters getting their first successes over Britain downing bombers into the Firth of Forth and onto East Lothian. The shipyards and heavy engineering factories in Glasgow and Clydeside played a key role in the war effort, and soon became targets for the Luftwaffe. The town of Clydebank in particular suffered great destruction and loss of life during the blitz. The Highlands again provided a disproportionate number of troops for the war effort. Many thousands of Commandos and resistance fighters received training in the harsh conditions of the Lochaber mountains.
The significance of coal, once Scotland's most important mineral resource, has declined. Oil, however, gained prominence in Scotland's economy during the 1970s, with the growth of North Sea oil extraction companies. Natural gas is also abundant in the North Sea fields. Aberdeen is the centre of the oil industry. Other important industries are textile production (woollens, worsteds, silks, and linens), distilling, and fishing. Textiles, beer, and whisky, which are among Scotland's chief exports, are produced in many towns. Salmon are taken from the Tay and the Dee, and numerous coastal towns and villages are supported by fishing from the North Sea. Only about one quarter of the land is under cultivation (principally in cereals and vegetables), but sheep raising is important in the mountainous regions.
Tied as it was to the health of the British Empire, Scotland suffered after the First World War as it had gained beforehand. In the Highlands, which, for cultural reasons, had provided a disproportionate number of recruits for the British army, a whole generation of young men were lost, and many villages and communities suffered greatly. In the Lowlands, particularly Glasgow, the terrible working and living conditions for the industrial workers, many of whom did not agree with the motives of the war, led to industrial and political unrest. John MacLean became a key political figure in Red Clydeside and on Bloody Friday January 31st 1919, the British Government was so fearful of a revolutionary uprising in Glasgow that tanks and soldiers were stationed in George Square.
Humans have lived in Scotland since the end of the last glaciation, around 10,000 years ago. Of the stone, bronze, and iron age civilisations which occupied the country, many artefacts, but few examples of writing, remain. Thus the written History of Scotland largely begins with the arrival of the Roman Empire in Britain. From a classical historical viewpoint Scotland seemed a peripheral country, slow to gain advances filtering out from the Mediterranean fount of civilisation, but as knowledge of the past increases it seems remarkable how early and advanced some developments have been, and how important the seaways were to Scottish history. The country's lengthy struggle with England, its more powerful neighbour to the south, repeatedly forced it to rely on trade, cultural and often strategic ties with a number of European powers. Following the Act of Union and the subsequent Scottish Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution, Scotland became one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. Its industrial decline following World War II was particularly acute, but in recent decades the country has enjoyed something of a cultural and economic renaissance, fuelled in part by a resurgent financial services sector, the proceeds of North Sea oil and gas, and latterly a devolved parliament.
The patron saint of Scotland is Saint Andrew, and Saint Andrew's Day is celebrated in the country on 30 November.
Scotland also has its own unique family of languages and dialects, helping to foster a strong sense of "Scottish-ness". An organisation called Iomairt Cholm Cille has been set up to support Gaelic-speaking communities in both Scotland and Ireland and to promote links between them.
During the 1920s and 1930s, as ship-building and other industrial pursuits came to be more profitable outwith the British Isles, Glasgow and Clydebank slowly decayed and fell into economic depression.
1.
Holiday cottages from the Borders to the Highlands from Scotland CottagesA great selection of Holiday Cottages in Scotland at great value prices. ... Our dedicated team in Scotland inspect all our cottages on an annual basis to ...
2.
holiday cottages in Scotland, UK self catering accommodationScotland self catering holiday cottages - accommodation in all the best ... North West Scotland and Islands. North East Scotland, Shetland, Orkney Islands. Wales ...
3.
Wilderness Cottages Scotland UK : Self catering cottages - Scottish ...Lists self-catering holiday cottages situated near Loch Ness and on Scotland's west coast. Pets welcome.
4.
Cottage ScotlandPosted by Rent a Cottage Scotland at 12:17 0 comments Links to this post. Labels: Holiday Cottage Rental Scotland Sundial Tarvit House Fife. Thursday, 28 May 2009 ...
5.
Self Catering Cottages in ScotlandCottages Map. Late Deals Map. Hostels Map. Favorites. Guide to Scotland. Guide ... Windyhill Cottage. Windyhill is located in the far North West of Scotland. ...
6.
Holiday cottages - Scotland | Self-catering cottages - Page 1Self-catering holiday cottages and holiday accommodation in Scotland - Page 1 ... Mungo's Well, Kelso, Scottish Borders, Scotland ...
7.
Holiday Cottages in ScotlandScottish holiday accommodation and self catering properties. Search for your perfect holiday rental property in Scotland then contact the owner direct to arrange ...
8.
Scottish holiday cottages and self-catering vacation accommodation ...Online guide to luxury Scottish holiday cottages and self-catering vacation retreats in holiday homes in the Highlands, Edinburgh and Perthshire, Scotland UK.
9.
Mackay's Agency - Self Catering Cottage Holidays in ScotlandSelf catering holiday cottages in Scotland, book online. ... Cottages In Scotland. Browse Scottish Cottages. About Us. Contact. Owners. Request a Brochure ...
10.
Holiday Cottages in the UK and across Europe | Cottages4youBook holiday cottages and villas with pools in the UK, France, Spain, Portugal & Italy with Cottages4you.co.uk: Part of the Holiday Cottages Group Limited
11.
Luxury Self Catering Holiday Cottages ScotlandLuxury self catering holiday Cottage with beautiful views of the Scottish Borders ... Castletoun House offers luxury self catering holiday Cottages in Scotland. ...
12.
Scotland Holiday Cottages ~ Scottish Cottage Holidays ~ Cottage ...Rent a luxury or country cottages for Scotland holidays. Best deals on holiday cottage rentals. ... Things To Check When Booking a Holiday Cottage in Scotland ...
13.
Scotland Holiday CottagesWelcome to the scotland holiday cottages group, the owner direct UK rental holiday Cottage, Log Cabin and Lodge specialist...with comprehensive information and ...
14.
Cottage Scotland: Swans Scotland... and videos about Scotland and how to Rent a self catering holiday Cottage in ... Holiday Cottage Arbroath, The Nestings. Holiday Cottage Scotland About Us ...
15.
High Drummore Self Catering Holiday Cottages Scotland | Holiday Home ...... cottages in Scotland, Luxury Holiday Home Scotland, Self catering holiday ... Self Catering Holiday Cottage in Scotland, Mull of Galloway Tel. 01776840326 ...
16.
Sykes CottagesAgency offering self-catering holiday cottages in Yorkshire, Northumbria, the Peak and Lake Districts, the Scottish Borders, Shropshire, and North Wales.
17.
Holiday Cottages in Scotland - Self catering - The Cottage CollectionSelf catering Holiday Cottages in Scotland. The Cottage Collection properties range from the smallest to the grandest. ... Scotland. view all cottages. late ...
18.
Cottages Scotland Self Catering holiday Cottages Perthshire ScotlandAberfeldy Cottages Scotland offer a selection of quality pet friendly self ... aberfeldy cottages Scotland ... the ideal vacation cottage for you here in ...
19.
Cottage Holiday Scotland | Glen Auchie Holiday Cottage | Mull of GallowayGlen Auchie cottage Holiday Scotland, perfect holiday cottages in Scotland, based in the Mull of Galloway, Dumfries and Galloway
20.
Unique Cottages - Holiday cottages in ScotlandOffering self-catering cottage holidays throughout Scotland.
21.
Holiday cottages self catering England|Scotland|Wales|UKSelf catering holiday cottages throughout Scotland, England and Wales featuring holiday homes for large groups. ... for last minute holiday cottage deals. ...
22.
Holiday Cottage Scotland... Cottage Scotland profiles a selection of the first choice holiday cottage accommodation Scotland ... for those staying in a holiday cottage in Scotland. ...
23.
SCOTLAND Cottages: Holiday Cottage in ScotlandHoliday Cottages in SCOTLAND: rent direct. Owner, advertise your Cottage and get ... Scotland > Highlands & Islands > Highlands > Oban > Self Catering Cottage in Oban ...
24.
Stable Cottage ScotlandStable Cottage is a self-catering holiday vacation accommodation cottage lodging located in Fordyce, Banff, North East Scotland. Surrounding areas include Buchan, ...
25.
holiday cottages ScotlandHoliday cottages in Scotland - self catering accommodation in all regions: ... Tarbat View Cottage, 4 East Shore Street, Helmsdale, Sutherland: ~ Sleeps 3 (+ sofabed) ...
26.
Scotland Cottages | Self Catering Holiday Cottages in ScotlandScottish Cottages offer a wide selection of Holiday Cottages across Scotland and the highlands, book your self catering cottage with us today.
27.
Holiday Cottages In Scotland - Self Catering Scottish Holiday Cottages UKScotland is the perfect holiday cottage weekend destination for weekends, short breaks, ... Wilderness Cottages & Apartments - Scotland ...
28.
Cottages-Online.co.uk Holiday Cottages of ScotlandFind self-catering cottages and self-catering in all areas of Scotland and the Scottish Islands.
29.
Accommodation Celtic Cottages Dalmally Argyll West Coast of Scotland ...Accommodation by Celtic Cottages in Argyll on the West Coast of Scotland - Self-Catering Holiday Cottages ... Cottage has been awarded by. Visit Scotland - the ...
30.
ECOSSE UNIQUE SELF-CATERING HOLIDAY RENTAL COTTAGES IN SCOTLANDOffering a wide selection of self catering holiday accommodation in some of the loveliest locations in Scotland. All properties have been selected according to the ...
31.
Scotland holiday cottages, Scotland holiday cottage, self catering in ...Selection of quality self-catering cottages... Europe -> Scotland -> The Highlands holiday cottages ... Rose Cottage Self Catering in Galloway South West ...
32.
Self Catering Holiday Cottages UK England Scotland Wales and Ireland ...Holiday cottages UK Wales Scotland England Ireland. ... Holiday cottages in the UK - England Wales Scotland and Ireland including the Isle of Man ...
33.
Cree Cottage holiday rental in Galloway Scotland4 Star Self Catering holiday cottage in southwest Scotland ... Cree Holiday Cottages, Scotland, for self catering holidays. Book a luxurious cottage for your ...
34.
scotland - Holiday Cottages To RentDumfries - Holiday Cottage - Meikle Barfil Farmhouse in Scotland - a gorgeous holiday let ... scotland -- Holiday Cottages To Rent. 126 listings meet your ...
35.
Speciality Cottages - Scotland CottagesWonderful Speciality Holiday Cottages in Scotland. View our extensive portfolio of speciality holiday cottages in Scotland online now.
36.
Holiday Cottages Scotland. The Loft Holiday Cottage, Whiteleys Farm ...The Loft is a self-catering STB 4-Star rated holiday apartment located in Galloway, southwest Scotland. Offering exceptional holiday accommodation, and stabling, on ...
Cottage Scotland and Scotland online resources.